In addition to the beauty of the design and decoration of the house to suit the user, building a house also has many details involved. In order to get a quality house, various rules must be involved. To be a guideline for practice inevitably The homeowner should understand the various related rules. In order for the construction to meet the standards that all parties accept And also to prevent disputes during construction
Construction standards are texts, methods, regulations or documents that have been approved and are related to construction. By using criteria for comparing quantity and quality or as guidelines for practice To achieve the set goals until the assigned work is completed The criteria used are not something anyone can think of. But must be criteria that the general public accepts. It will be seen that it is prepared by Committees from various professions, such as the Engineering Council, the Association of Siamese Architects under Royal Patronage, legal experts, and experts from the Ministry of Public Health, jointly considered
The construction of a house must be completed by cooperation from many parties, with the contractor as the main contractor. However, unexpected events can happen at any time, such as a collapse of the house or damage caused by substandard construction. Therefore, an agreement must be reached between both parties, the employer and the contractor, that the budget must be in line with the agreed-upon quantity and quality. The standard will be the criteria that determines how much the price will be in line with the agreed-upon quantity, scope of work, and quality.
Legal construction consists of 4 legal standards:
One of the laws that many people overlook is the city planning law. It is a law that controls land use. Just having land does not mean you can build a house right away. However, you must take into account the legality of the city planning law, which will determine which areas can or cannot be built. Common examples include: Some areas are residential land and factories are prohibited. Some areas have a building height limit. Some areas are designated as agricultural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to check the legality of the city planning law clearly before starting a house.
The building control law was established to control construction to be safe, strong, and suitable for living. It will cover the homeowner's security system, such as fire protection systems, ventilation systems in the house, setbacks, window openings, fire escapes or uncovered spaces, the size of stairs, and bathrooms, in order to achieve standards and safety. If a house is built incorrectly according to the building control law, it may waste time and costs to fix it correctly. In the worst case, it may be forced to be demolished.
Building your own house is a business controlled by a contract that is an agreement and mutual agreement between the employer (homeowner) and the contractor (home construction company). The list of items must be correct according to the budget specified in the procurement details. And must specify the delivery period or the period of operation, including the payment period, the warranty period, with the details clearly specified.
Construction safety is very important. If some workers lack discipline, the matter of maintaining safety at work may result in accidents in the construction area, including safety problems among workers themselves. In addition, there are other factors that affect the surrounding area, such as noise or dust. Therefore, the legal safety standards control the work during construction to ensure the safety of both workers and people around the construction area.
Building a large house or building requires a building permit, which requires a related professional to certify the model used in the building permit application. It is divided into 2 professional standards:
2.1 Architectural professional standards
Architects are building designers who have a good understanding of building construction standards. They will discuss the details of the usable area, the benefits of use, and various details of the house to meet the standards and safety as specified by law. The architectural profession can be divided into 3 types that work together to best meet the needs of the homeowner.
A person who is responsible for designing houses or various types of buildings to be beautiful in order to have space and utility according to the needs of the homeowner, as well as taking into account the topography, climate, and laws of that house. They can apply knowledge and skills in both art and technique by coordinating with other professions related to home construction.
The work of an architect also includes requesting permission to build and coordinating with relevant government agencies, giving advice to homeowners at various stages of home construction, inspecting construction work to ensure it is in accordance with the design, both in terms of construction costs and energy within the home, in order to meet the needs of residents and building users to the fullest. The scope of work will vary depending on the agreement with the homeowner.
Interior designers are responsible for designing the interior of the home, which is a profession that specializes in interior decoration, especially in terms of art, aesthetic details, choosing materials within the building, and supervising construction work within the home. The scope of work includes selecting furniture, making built-in furniture, sanitary ware, kitchen sets, and giving advice on various decorations within the home.
Interior decoration is considered a job that is no less important than the design of the house. Because interior decoration is something that homeowners are most close to and is a job that is highly valuable depending on the taste of the homeowner.
Is a person who is responsible for designing, planning, drafting, related to green areas (Green Area). They will have expertise in gardening and have more knowledge about trees than other professions. We often see landscape architects working with large outdoor areas or houses with large gardens, such as businesses, golf courses, and public parks. Or if the homeowner wants a garden area around the house that is of higher quality and more beautiful than general gardens, they should choose to hire a landscape architect who has studied landscape architecture directly. They will be able to do this job better than general architects. However, if the homeowner has a small budget, there may be no need to hire a landscape architect. The same goes for interior designers.
Are standards related to designing and controlling work to be in accordance with the principles of strength and safety engineering. In principle, engineers will apply scientific principles to design and develop structures, machines, tools, or production processes. According to engineering professional standards, they will need to calculate structural parts, material sizes, and minor details related to the overall structure of the house. It can be divided into 3 groups that oversee the construction of our homes, including:
Is a branch of Engineering is a branch of civil engineering. Civil engineering covers engineers who control the construction of buildings, control other types of construction such as bridges, roads, dams. Sometimes, structural engineers are called civil engineers. Structural engineers are responsible for analyzing and designing structures that support or resist forces in materials, buildings, machinery, and vehicles. They focus primarily on strength and can be built as designed by architects.
Are responsible for planning, designing, maintaining, inspecting, repairing, and using their knowledge to solve problems related to electrical systems, electrical appliances, or various circuit systems. In building a house, electrical engineers will design electrical systems, determine the power supply to be sufficient for electrical appliances in the house, lighting systems, and emergency power systems, lightning rod systems, telephone systems, CCTV, automatic control systems, and solar energy systems according to the needs of the homeowner as designed by the architect.
A person who understands the basic principles of mechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and energy very well. They are responsible for designing air conditioning systems, ventilation systems, fire extinguishing systems, elevators and escalators. Currently, there are many more modern conveniences that can be used in homes, such as smart home systems. Mechanical engineers are responsible for designing and arranging the mechanical systems in homes to be compatible with home appliances.
A person who understands the principles of integration of scientific and engineering principles to improve the natural environment to obtain healthy water, air and soil suitable for homeowners to live in. In terms of home construction, the main duties are to design water supply systems, wastewater drainage systems, rainwater drainage systems, watering systems, fire extinguishing systems and environmental systems.
To make it easier for homeowners to understand, the work is divided into sectors related to home construction.
Generally, hiring a home design job is usually a preliminary hiring of an architect. What homeowners need to prepare are ideas for their dream home, lifestyle, budget or money in their pocket to discuss with the architect. Generally, the part that homeowners need to set aside from the construction cost is the architect's professional fees, which include design service fees, drafting fees, structural calculation fees, engineer fees, and construction design signature fees that must be jointly signed by the architect and engineer.
After that, the architect, who is the leader of the home design team, will find engineers from various fields to help with the work, according to the agreement in the employment contract, regarding the scope of work that has been agreed upon, including or excluding what. This part may include or not request a building permit, and what form of construction supervision will be taken. When we divide the work categories into large groups, what homeowners should know is the different sectors related to home construction, which each sector consists of personnel from various fields in the architecture and engineering professions, with the number of people depending on the suitability of each house or project.
are texts, procedures, and regulations that are universally approved or accepted. They are considered criteria that can be used as indicators or guidelines for implementing the specified goals until the highest success of the work is achieved.
are standards related to the strength of various structures. Determined by the Engineering Institute of Thailand under Royal Patronage (EIT), such as standards for concrete, reinforced concrete, structural strength, compiled to make construction meet standards and be strong and safe both during construction and after the building owner moves in.
Are standards related to house design supervised by the Association of Siamese Architects under Royal Patronage, such as the use of space and determination of building strength, allowing residents to use the building safely and comfortably.
Are general standards on construction and testing of materials used for reference when building a house, such as brickwork must have a lintel column at every distance, how wide and how high, determined by the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning.
Building a house takes a long time to build and has many details. In addition to controlling the legal standards, a written contract must be made as evidence of the agreement between the employer and the contractor. The details must be acceptable to both parties. It is divided into 3 parts:
The construction of a house by standard must have a construction plan as a guideline for construction to know the scope of work, including the construction steps and the size of the usable area, such as the height of windows and doors, the size of the common usable area.
It is responsible for specifying the materials to be used in the construction. Because there are many brands and models of materials, different materials affect the cost of construction. Therefore, a detailed list of materials to be used in the construction must be specified, such as the type of tile, size, and brand, which will make the house construction according to the agreement. If it deviates from the agreement, it will be considered not according to the contract standards.
In the construction contract, in addition to specifying the format and list of materials, it is necessary to specify the details of the various steps in the work so that they can be checked. It must be specified from the beginning to the end of the construction process.
Are practices or related to technology used in construction. Such practices must be accepted or correct and certified by members of that industry or by a regulatory agency. The agency overseeing the construction industry standards helps control issues such as safety, material quality, and principles of practice used in construction.
However, most home construction businesses do not have clear requirements, but rather depend primarily on customer satisfaction, unlike standards in other businesses such as hotels, which have star ratings. And the criteria to divide the criteria for each star level. The service standards and construction price levels will vary depending on each company.
Since each type of material used in construction has different properties, requirements, and installation methods, the specification of materials used in house construction has quite a lot of details. In order to control the materials that are suitable for the house, there are standards to control so that the contractor can use them correctly and safely, and the employer gets a house that is worth the price paid. It is divided as follows:
It is a standard that is an academic requirement used to control the production of quality products. It is a guideline for manufacturers to use in controlling the production of quality products at the most appropriate level for use. If the material passes TIS, it is considered to have an acceptable standard.
It is a standard that specifies which materials are used, how to use them, when to use them, and for which types of work in order to achieve the highest potential. For example, specifying materials for use inside the home, but if they are used outside, it will be considered against the intended use and not up to standard according to the properties of that material.
It is a standard for producing materials for use. The manufacturer will test their usability and then determine the properties of the material so that they can be used according to the intended purpose. The installation method is clearly stated. If the installation is not up to standard, no matter how good the material is, it will not work according to the specified standards, such as compression strength or moisture resistance.
Lastly, I would like to leave this with all homeowners. Creating a beautiful dream home involves many factors. To be beautiful on the outside and strong and suitable for living. Building a house does not only have to be beautiful from the outside, but the unseen parts are also very important. Therefore, it is necessary to use personnel with specialized knowledge and skills to work together to achieve the work according to the standards. Homeowners need to study the information to understand the work process and to be able to communicate smoothly with the personnel or construction team.
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